Microcontroller 8-bit Atmel 89S51/52

1.   jom belajar mikropengawal.



konfigurasi pin pengawalmikro 8051

litar asas mikropengawal ini.

crystal boleh guna 11.059 MHz, atau 12MHz. bina litar di atas dulu. pasni kita tgk sambungan untuk download program dari pc lak.

ni litar untuk sambungan 8051 ke pc untuk download program..... software 8051IDE dan isp-30a. Kalau masa download keluar error no response, ada masalah samada pada kabel ke printer port, ic bukan jenis 89s51/52, sambungan dari kabel ke kaki ic pin 6,7,8,9. Cek semula perkara2 di atas. KAlau kabel panjang sangat pun akan keluar error juga. Pastikan kabel tu pendek dalam 60cm ok la.

ni board yang dah siap. Nak cantik lagi kena pandai susun komponen. Letak rapat-rapat. Pakai stripboard pun boleh. Tapi jaga2 soldering jangan sampai short. Masukkan supply 5V pada pin40 dan GND ke pin 20. Pastikan voltan pada reset (pin 9) 0V, bila suis RESET ditekan, voltan akan naik ke 5V. Pin 31 mesti sentiasa 5V. Pada pin 18 dan 19 juga mesti ada voltan yang rendah (1-2V). Kalau takder maknanya sambungan kat pengayun, kapasitor ada masalah. Ataupun pengayun rosak.

ni kabel untuk download menggunakan printer port (db25).

 Program pakai assembly. ada software yg bg program dalam C. Tp dia akan convert ke hex file gak. Hex file tu kita download ke IC. X kesah bahasa pa kita guna.

Untuk litar sambungan dengan double 7 segment dan aturcar klik sini.





bc547

relay to bc547



relay to micro controller

Berikut adalah litar relay untuk disambung kepada output microc. Boleh guna 2n2222a, bc547. Semua litar diperolehi dari google image search.

2n2222a pinout

2n2222a pinout

Untuk belajar mengaturcarakan pengawalmikro ni guna assembly language boleh la ke sini.

relay pinout connect to motor

2.   LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT USING ATMEL 89S52

Pandangan Belakang

Ini robot line follower pakai LDR sebagai sensor yang aku buat. tp gila2 skit, slow je, kalau laju terbabas la.
 

pandangan atas

 

   

Pandangan sisi

Konsep yang digunakan pada sensor, kena tambah LED je. R tu ganti ngan petentiometer, perintang bolehlaras.

Litar relay untuk control motor.

Litar lengkap yang x guna microc rujuk rajah di atas.



3.   RC SERVO MOTOR

Also known as “closed feedback” systems, Servo motors come with a control circuit, which senses if motor mechanism is in desired location and if not it continuously corrects an error until motor reaches the proper point. Servo’s usually come in small plastic packages like the following, but keep in mind there is a whole system inside; motor itself, gears and motor driving and control circuit.
Servo’s usually have great torque because of their gearing. The motor speed decreases, but their torque increases, allowing them to drive high loads. The closed feedback loop mentioned earlier is actually an internal potentiometer that is connected to a mechanical shaft to sense the angle of turn. The signal from the potentiometer provides data to the control circuit to ensure the motor is at the desired angle.
Most servos are designed to operate within a limited range, e.g. 90° or 180°, but can be modified for continuous rotation. This accurate control of rotation and torque thanks to the gearing makes the servo a great device to include in any mechanical-robotic type project. Most servo’s operate from 4.8 to 7.2V DC.
Servo control signals
Servo motor shaft is positioned with pulse width modulated signals (PWM). So all servos comes with three wires (Power, Ground and Control). Usually in hobby servos with rotation angle 90° signal width vary between 1 and 2ms. If pulse is more wide rotation continues until reaches mechanical limits. This signal is applied to the control line of the servo. Refer to your datasheet for more information, but for the example of servos in this tutorial, our servo has a maximum rotation of 180° and operates with a control signal from 1mS to 2mS.

With this in mind, a signal with a 1.5mS high pulse will tell the servo to go to half way, or a signal at 2mS will make the servo go to 100% deflection. This signal must be sent to the servo once every 1/50th of a second (50Hz), allowing your program to perform many other functions in between. Some servo’s have different pulse requirements for different angles, but most common RC Servos will operate from 1mS to 2mS.
Once a servo is in position, the potentiometer feedback to the servos internal control circuit will ensure that the servo does not drift from the desired position, (providing they are refreshed with the position every 50Hz or 20mS), if there is too much time between the control signals, the servo will drift, and to fast a signal will make the servo chatter. Refer to the datasheet for your servo’s optimal refresh rate.

Servo’s have 3 wires, each will be for; +Ve supply, -Ve Supply and Signal.

One thing to keep in mind is that servo’s generate a lot of noise in your circuit. This can lead to very inaccurate timing and strange things happening. To help stop this, be sure to have a large capacitor (around 100uF) near the output of your servo’s +Ve supply, and a 0.1uF Tantalum capacitor as close as possible between the MCU’s +Ve and -Ve pins. Optoisolators are great for isolating circuits from each other, and could be used to great effect with servo’s.


Circuit Diagram for servo motor

servo tester on board

Sambungan dan Program servo motor menggunakan Atmel 89s51/52

Servo motor ada 3 wayar, samada hitam, merah dan putih atau coklat, merah dan oren. Merah utk 5v, hitam/coklat untk gnd dan putih/oren untuk data pwm dari mikroc. 

Sambungan pada port 0.0 pin 39, kalu sambung ke port 2.0 pin 21 kena pasang network resistor sperti di port 0.

Aturcaranya:

          ORG  0000H

        LJMP BEGIN ;JUMP TO MAIN PROGRAM

      

BEGIN: 

        

       jnb      p1.0,left                      

        jnb     p1.1,right

       

        jmp     begin

left:   mov a,#30

left1: setb      p2.0                       ;suis di port 1.0 utk gerakkan servo  ke kiri

        setb    p0.0

        mov     r7,#10

        call    delay5

        clr     p2.0

        clr     p0.0

        mov     r7,#19

        call    delay   

        djnz   a,left1     

        jmp     begin

right: mov a,#30                        ;suis di port 1.1 utk gerakkan servo ke kanan

right1: setb      p2.0

        setb    p0.0

        mov     r7,#1

        call    delay5

        clr     p2.0

        clr     p0.0

        mov     r7,#19

        call    delay        

        djnz   a,right1    

       

        JMP     BEGIN

 ;---------------------------------------------

delay:  mov r2,#200 ;2 cyc

delay1: nop ;1 cyc

        nop ;1 cyc

        djnz r2, delay1 ;2 cyc consume 230x4 + 2 instr cycles=922 cyc

        djnz r7,delay

        ret

delay5:  mov r2,#130 ;2 cyc

delay15: nop ;1 cyc

        nop ;1 cyc

        djnz r2, delay15 ;2 cyc consume 230x4 + 2 instr cycles=922 cyc

        djnz r7,delay5

        ret

        END

selamat mencuba

INFRA RED SENSOR

Tanpa objek, keluaran pada Vout <1V

Ada objek, keluaran naik kepada 2V

Litar yg digunakan di atas

Yang putih tu transmitter, yg hitam receiver

Selamat mencuba......

Temperature Sensor

Apabila suhu meningkat, bil LED yg menyala akan bertambah.

temperature meter circuit diagram

LM35 - pengesan suhu

Selamat mencuba


PIC circuit

My first PIC circuit to blink the LED at portB. Using PIC18F458, program from MPLAB IDE in C language. Download to PIC using LEAPER 48 ROM PROGRAMMER.

PIC CIRCUIT

ROM PROGRAMMER SOFTWARE

MPLAB IDE

 and the video........or here

pic board

relay board

DTMF board

Arduino Uno Bluetooth

Projek seterusnya menggunakan arduino uno dan module bluetooth. Software dimuatutrun di google play store.

Connect to bluetooth and press button to light up led or send 1. Send 0 to turn it off.

Arduino n bluetooth bee 2.0

ANdroid software for bluetooth

connect  bluetooth

light up led by pressing button 1 

button 1 pressed

file program kawal 2 output pin 12 dan 13

Sambungan kepada autogate, buang receiver kepada remote ganti dengan bluetooth dan arduino. ULN2803 juga digunakan bagi membekalkan input ground kepada masukan receiver pada board utama autogate.

autogate board + uln2803+ arduino uno + blutooth bee

bluetooth bee

uln2803

autogate

Alhamdulillah siap pasang dan berfungsi dgn baik

Arduino uno + bluetooth + uln2803

Simple Traffic Light Using Arduino

Sila lihat video dibawah. Program juga ditunjukkan dalam video tersebut.

Program arduino dgn ultrasonic sensor dan servo motor.


Mmg mudah programming menggunakan arduino nih. Semua nya ada dlm internet. Search dan terus boleh program. Saya dah cuba untuk ultrasonic sensor dan servo. Program mereka berasingan tp mudah ja untuk digabungkan.

Dalam video ni saya programkan arduino supaya apabila sensor mengesan halangan dlm jarak 5 inci, servo motor akan bergerak (mcm wiper).

Selamat menonton.......

Sesiapa yg berminat pasal arduino ni dan nak selongkar lagi boleh cuba online simulator ni.

online circuit simulator

Bkn hanya litar arduino, litar2 lain juga boleh di reka dan di simulasi dalam applikasi ini.

Selamat mencuba.....